In this article, we would like to study the Muslim invasion of India. The first successful Muslim invasion on India took place in the 8th century, and after that, many more Muslim rulers successfully invaded India. India is a prosperous country because of its fertile soil and geographical conditions, which has attracted many foreign invaders in the past. Some looted and some established their rule over India. Mohammad bin Qasim was the first Muslim ruler to invade India. they also imposed the Jizya tax in India for the first time.
First Muslim Invasion of India
Arab Invasion of India
- Al Baladhuri was a Muslim historian whose books provide information about the Arab umpire. In the book Futu: Al Buldan, composed by Al Baladhuri, we get information about the Arab invasion of India.
- In this book, there is a detailed description of all the battles fought by the Arab kings from the time of Prophet Mohammad and their results.
- Although the Arabs invaded India many times, they got their first success in the war of Raver in 712 A.D, in which Mohammad bin Qasim defeated King Dahir of Sindh. Although this war did not affect the whole of India, its scope remained confined to Sindh and the area of Multan.
| Do you know? There is no favorable climate in India for the cultivation of dates. For dates cultivation, the desert has a favorable climate and the desert is widely spread in Arab countries; hence, the cultivation of dates is also widespread in this region. After the capture of Sindh, the Arabs started the cultivation of dates in India, that is, date cultivation was introduced in India by the Arabs. |
| Do you know The desert is widely spread in the Arab countries. that’s why Arab people used to give more importance to camel farming because the camel is called the ship of the desert and these camels solve most of the problems of the people living in the desert. Camel farming was started in India by the Arabs. |
Introduction to Jizya tax in India
- If you live in a state which is a Muslim state and your religion is non-Muslim, then you are not allowed to live in that state. If you want permission to live in that Muslim state, you have to pay a particular type of tax for that, known as the Jizya tax.
- After paying Jizya, you can live in a Muslim state and practice your religion freely.
After capturing the state of Sindh, Mohammed bin Qasim implemented the Jizya tax and with this, Mohammad bin Qasim became the first ruler to implement the Jizya tax in India. - Arabs introduced dirham coins in India.
Second Muslim Invasion of India
Turks Invasion to India
- Hindu Shahi was a Hindu dynasty whose rule extended to Afghanistan.
- The Hindu Shahi dynasty is the last Hindu dynasty in history whose empire extended to Afghanistan.
- The Hindu Shahi dynasty was a prosperous dynasty and it saved India from external attacks for hundreds of years, Especially with the Islamic attack, the Hindu Shahi Empire fought strongly.
- Jaipal was a great king of the Hindu Shahi dynasty who attacked Ghazni but due to weather conditions not being favorable, he had to face defeat.
- The second Muslim invasion of India was done by the Turks in 986 AD.
- Subuktagin, who was the ruler of the Ghaznavi dynasty, invaded India for the first time.
- It attacked King Jaipal Shahi of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in 986 AD.
- Jaipal Shahi responded to this attack bravely but had to face defeat from the huge Turkish army.
- Subukgin’s son’s name was Mahmud Ghaznavi, who is known to have invaded India 17 times in history. Mahmud Ghaznavi became king in 998 AD, continuously attacked India from 1000 to 1027, looted wealth from here, and established a huge empire in Central Asia.
- Jaipal Shahi,as mentioned above, was defeated in the battle with Mahmud Ghaznavi, this hurt his self-esteem so much that he took Agni Samadhi. After Jaipal Shahi, the Hindu Shahi Empire moved towards decline.
| Do You Know If you want to read the history of millions of years of the earth from India’s point of view, then Purana is the most suitable book for you . The knowledge given in the Vedas is explained through various stories in the Puranas . But the problem with Purana is that it is written in the Sanskrit language. At present, the number of people who understand the Sanskrit language is just nominal, and especially in Muslim communities the number of people who know Sanskrit is almost zero. Al Baruni was the first Muslim Invasion who studied the Puranas. Al Biruni was an Arabic writer who came to India with Mahmud Ghaznavi who wrote the book “Kitab ul Hindu” a primary source of Indian history. |
Third Muslim Invasion of India
Mohammad Ghori was a great ruler and warrior of Afghanistan. He attacked India for the first time in 1175 AD. Mohammad Ghori was a fearless and courageous Afghan warrior who had minted his own coin under the Ghazni Empire.
After Mohammed bin Qasim and Mahmud Ghazni, Mohammad Ghori was the third to attack India.
- Mohammad Ghori was the third Muslim ruler to attack India but the goal of Mohammad Ghori was not only to loot money from India but also to establish his Empire there.
- To fulfill this objective, between 1175 and 1190, Mohammad Ghori took possession of important states like Punjab, Sindh, and Sialkot and the fortress of Uch. After this, the Afghan ruler Mohammad Ghori forcefully captured Prithviraj Chauhan III’s territory, Bhatinda (Tabarhind), due to which later there was a war between the ruler of the Chauhan dynasty, “the courageous and brave warrior Prithviraj Chauhan,” and Mohammad Ghori.
- The first war between Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammad Ghori took place in 1191 AD, which is known as the first war of Tarain.
- The army of Prithviraj Chauhan conquered the army of Mohammad Ghori in this war. Prithviraj Chauhan could have killed Mohammad Ghori in this war if he wanted, but Rajput’s never let their opponent die unarmed in the war and that’s why Chauhan left Ghori alive.
- A year later, there was another war known as the Second Battle of Tarain, In this war, Mohammad Ghori defeated Chauhan and established his control over Delhi.
Muslim Invasion of India, Table-1
| S.N | Invader Name | Origin Country | Year of First Invasion |
| 1. | Mohammad Bin Qasim | Saudi Arab | 712 A.D |
| 2. | Mahamud Ghazni | Afghanistan | 986A.D |
| 3. | Mohammad Ghori | Afghanistan | 1175A.D |
MCQs ON Muslim Invasion of India
Q1: The first Muslim Invasion of India Muhammad ibn al-Qasim was a/an…?
a) Turk
b) British
c) Arab
d) Afghan
Q2: Muhammad of Ghazni was a…?
a) Arab
b) Turk
c) Afghan
d) Mongol
Q3: Mohammad Ghazni attacked India for how many times?
a) 2
b) 7
c) 16
d) 17
Q4: Tahqiq-i-Hind ( Reality of Hinduism) was written by…?
a) afif
b) Al Baruni
c) Ibn Babuta
d) Utbi
Q5: Who translated Patanjali Yoga Sutra into Arabic?
a) Ibn Babuta
b) Hiuen Tsang
c) Afif
d) Al Baruni
Q6: Raja Bhimdev -II was the first ruler who defeated Mohammad ghori for the first time, he belongs to which dynasty?
a) Shung dynasty
b) Gupta dynasty
c) Rajput dynasty
d) Solanki dynasty
Q7: Taimur invaded India in which year…?
a) 1398 A.D
b) 1739 A.D
c) 999 A.D
d) 1175 A.D
Q8: Coins of which Muslim ruler have an image of Goddess Laxmi on one side and on the other side, Kalma was inscribed in Arabic?
a) Taimur
b) Allauddin khilji
c) Mohammad Ghazni
d) Mohammad Ghori
Q9: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding Al Baruni?
a) He was the first Muslim to study Puranas
b) He translated Patanjali Yoga Sutra into Arabic.
c) He travelled to India in 14th century.
d) He was a Sanskrit scholar.
Q10: Firdausi was a scholar poet of the court of which ruler?
a) Mohammad Ghori
b) Mohammad Ghazni
c) Mohammad bin Tughlak
d) Akbar
FAQ
Q. When did Turk invaded India?
Answer: 712 A.D
Q. How many Muslim left in India in 1947?
Answer: -35.4 millions
Q. Who ruled India before Mughals?
Answer: – Lodi dynasty
Q. When did Muslim Invaded India?
Answer: – 712 A.D
Q. Who was the first Muslim invasion in India?
Answer: – Mohammad Bin Qasim
Q. Which Muslim invader took over India?
Answer: – Mohammad Ghori
Q. How many years Muslim ruled India?
Answer: – From 1206 to 1887