In this Article, We would like to study about Climate of India.The climate of India will depend on its position on the globe. There is an atmosphere all around our earth whose physical conditions keep changing according to different geographical areas. The physical conditions of the atmosphere, such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, etc. vary from region to region.
- These physical conditions of the atmosphere in a specific area are called weather.
- If someone says that today is very hot, it means that the temperature of that specific area is high.
- Weather is the physical condition of the atmosphere at any place at any time. Weather means temperature, pressure, humidity etc.
Climate and Weather
Weather is the physical conditions of the atmosphere which keep changing from day to day and the Average of these physical conditions over a long period of time is called climate.
Climate does not talk about day-to-day weather, but it is related to a long time interval and this time interval is usually 30 years.
The average of the long-term weather of a geographical area is called its climate.
Because the rays of the sun do not fall equally everywhere on the globe and the light of the sun also changes according to the time, due to which the temperature changes. If there is a change in temperature, there will be a change in pressure and humidity too.
Also Read: Tiger Reserves in India project 1973
Factors affecting the climate of a country
1. Latitude
How close or far is that country to the Tropic of Cancer?
2. Mountains
Mountains helps Raining.
3. Wind direction
If the direction of the wind is from the sea towards the land, then the wind will take the moisture from the sea towards the land and if the direction of the wind is from the land towards the sea, then there will be dryness.
4. Forest
Wherever there is more forest, the temperature there will be less.
5. ocean currents
Cold and warm water currents affect the weather. If the weather is affected then the climate will also be affected.
6. Altitude
The temperature decreases with the increase in height above sea level.
7. Distance from sea
Earth heats up faster than water because silica is found in it. Silica heats up very quickly and cools down very quickly, so the surface heats up and cools down quickly as compared to water.
what is the climate of India?
The climate of India was first described by Al-Masoodi. Al-Masudi was a foreign traveler from Baghdad who visited India in the 10th century.
What are the controls affecting the climate of India
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Nearness to Sea
4. Direction of Winds
5. Forest
6. Ocean Currents
7. Rainfall
8. Mountain
9. Soil
The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India. This means that the climate below it should be warm and the climate above it should be temperate, but the Himalayas located in the north of India and location of Sun with respect to India affect it.
The Himalayas prevent cold winds coming from the north from entering India and warm winds blowing from the south reach the Himalayas, due to which the whole of India has a tropical climate.
Sun Position
When the sun is above the Tropic of Cancer, the north region of India becomes warm and it becomes a low pressure belt and the temperature of the south remains low and it becomes a high pressure belt, due to which the winds blow from south to north.
When the Sun is above the Tropic of Capricorn in winter, then the southern part of India becomes hot and the north part becomes cold, due to which the winds start blowing from north to south.
The change in the direction of winds is called monsoon.
Therefore, the climate of India is “Tropical monsoon”.
MCQs On Climate of India
Q1. Which of the following factors don’t affect the Climate of India?
i) Soil
ii) Forest
iii) Over Grazing
iv) Ocean Currents
Q2. Choose the true statement about North East Monsoon
i) It causes rainfall in Uttar Pradesh in the month of May.
ii) It is a part of Western Disturbance.
iii) It flows from sea to land.
iv) It flows from land to sea.
Q3. Choose the wrong statement about isotherm
i) A line on which the temperature is same at every point is called isotherm.
ii) The 20°C isotherm divides India into two equal parts north-south in the month of January.
iii) The 20°C isotherm is parallel to the Tropic of Cancer.
iv) Isotherms visualize the vertical temperature distribution of an area.
Q4. The main cause of the rains which beneficial for the wheat crop in the winter season is…?
i) North East Monsoon
ii) Bay of Bengal Monsoon
iii) retreating monsoon
iv) Western disturbances
Q5. The northern part of India is a tropical region because of the presence of…?
i) plains
ii) Location of the Himalayas
iii) Doab of Ganga Yamuna
iv) Absence of sea
Q6. In which state of India the arrival of monsoon is the last and retreating monsoon is the first?
i) Haryana
ii)Punjab
iii)Uttar Pradesh
iv) Rajasthan
Q7. From where does the retreating monsoon get its moisture?
i) from river Ganga
ii) from the Bay of Bengal
iii) from the Arabian Sea
iv) From the Himalayas
Q8. In which region of India the maximum rainfall is seen in the month of October-November?
i) Western Ghats
ii) Northern Plains
iii) Coromandel Coast
iv) Northeast
Q9. Based on Rainfall pattern, India is divided into how many Rainfall region?
i) 42
ii) 62
iii) 28
iv) 20
Q10. Which of the following type of forest acts as a barrier against cyclone?
i) Evergreen Forest
ii) Deciduous Forest
iii) Mangrove Forest
iv) Alpine Forest
Q11. With reference to the phenomenon of cloudburst, consider the following statements
a. Such incidents are seen only in hilly areas.
b. No satisfactory technique has yet been developed to predict such phenomenon.
c. Such an event usually occurs at a height of 5 kilometers from the earth.
the correct statements is/are…?
i) Only a
ii) Only b
iii) Only a and b
iv) a, b and c
Q12. With reference to the phenomenon of cloudburst, consider the following statements
a. cloudburst occurs when a solid obstruction comes in the path of a clouds “carrying a large amount of moisture”.
b. cloudburst occurs when the warm air hits a cloud “carrying a large amount of moisture”.
c. Cloudburst Occurs when a cloud carrying a large amount of moisture starts rapid movement in the vertical direction.
the correct statements is/are…?
i) Only a
ii) Only b
iii) Only a and b
iv) a, b and c
Q13. In which of the following countries, most of the rainfall is not due to the south-west monsoon?
i) India
ii) Bangladesh
iii) Myanmar
iv) Japan