In this Article, We would like to study about French revolution.The Jacobeans were a club of wealthy French leaders. Maximilien Robespierre was its leader. Till the French Revolution, there was Monarchy rule in France, to eliminate it from the root, the French Revolution took place. As a result of the revolution, monarchy ended and republican rule was established.
As a result of this revolution, there were many revolutions against monarchy all over the world and republic and democracy were established in different regions of the world.
Cause of French Revolution
- Autocratic ruler
- Unlimited authority of the king
- Inactive ruler
- Seven years war
- Exploitative policies
- Social conditions
- Economic condition of the state
- Faulty and uncontrolled Economical policy
- current economic situation
Louis 16 was the ruler of France at the time of the Revolution.
At the time of the Revolution, the society of France was divided into three classes called “States”. The clergy used to come in the “first states”, the elite class in the “Second states” and the common people used to come in the “Third states”.
The priests had immense wealth.20 percent of the country’s land was in the name of the church. They used to impose a religious tax called “Tithe” on the common people and there was no tax of any kind on the income of the people of this class. He was generally less interested in religious works and their life were luxurious, due to which there was a lot of anger among the common people.
Tax Imposed by the French king on peasants
- Taille
- Tithe
- Indirect Tax
- Taille – It is the tax Imposed by the King on the every household of the peasants and amount of tax is depends on land held by a household.
- Tithe– It is a religious tax imposed by clergy on the peasants.
- Indirect Tax – There are various type of tax imposed by the King on the peasants such as salt tax , custom duty etc.
The spirit of the law
This book was written by Montesquieu. He gave the principle of separation of power. According to him, the king is autocratic because he has all the powers of legislature, executive and judiciary. The people of the state will get freedom only when the executive, judiciary and legislature will be in different hands.
Montesquieu did not mention any kind of revolution in his book and he described the rule of England as the best. Montesquieu’s book focused only on exposing the defects of monarchy and the advantages of democracy, and this book had the most impact on the French Revolution.
letters on the English
This book written by Voltaire makes a comparative analysis of the rule of England and the rule of France and describes the evils of French power. This book became so famous in France that the king banned it.
“Emily” “The Social Contract” and “Rusoni“
These are books written by Rousseau. Rousseau advocated liberty and equality and the slogan ‘Liberty, equality and fraternity’ of France revolution was influenced by his thoughts.
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MCQs On French Revolution
Q1. Mussolini, the chief advocate of Fascism, was the politician of which country?
a). Germany
b). Italy
c). France
d). Austria
Q2. Who was the most famous philosopher among the members of the Jacobeans Club?
a). Montesquieu
b). Rousseau
c). Voltaire
d). Florence Nightingale
Q3. In which year did the Battle of Waterloo, known as the last battle of Napoleon, take place?
a).1815
b).1799
c). 1811
d). 1813
Q4. Who is credited with setting up the world’s first secular nursing home?
a). Montesquieu
b). Rousseau
c). Voltaire
d). Florence Nightingale
Q5. When is World Nursing Day celebrated in the memory of Florence Nightingale?
a). 12 July
b). 22 June
c). 12 May
d). 2 March
Q6. What is Antisemitism?
i) Rejection of any religion
ii) Rejection of Judaism
iii) Rejection of Hinduism
iv) Rejection of Muslim religion
Q7. In ancient Greek and Roman religion, Apollo ..
i) Was a symbol of peace.
ii) was the symbol of love.
iii) Who could bring ill health and deadly plague.
iv) God of war
Q8. Consider the following statements about Fascism
a. It is a structure which is considered a symbol of strength and unity.
b. Fascism originated in Italy.
c. It completely opposes liberalism.
d. Fascism creates a sense of equality in the society.
Correct statements are…?
i) Only c
ii) Only c and d
iii) Only a , b and c
iv) All the above
Q9. Consider the following statements about Liberalism.
a. It supports economic freedom.
b. It supports royal monopoly in trade policies.
c. It supports homosexual.
Are the correct statements…?
i) Only a
ii) Only a and b
iii) Only a and c
iv) Only b and c
Q10. Jacobeans club is related?
i) Russian Revolution
ii) French Revolution
iii) Fascism
iv) American Revolution
Q11. Who was the king of France at the time of French Revolution?
i) Louis XIV
ii) Louis XVI
iii) Louis XV
iv) Louis XVI
Q12. Where was the Bastille Fort located?
i) Paris
ii) Lyon
iii) Strasbourg
iv) Bordeaux
Q13. Why did the people of France attack the Bastille Fort during the French Revolution?
i) Because the king was not ready to accept even a single demand of them.
ii) The crowd was attacked by soldiers
iii) rumor spread that the king had collected a lot of weapons inside the fort.
iv) The mob wanted to free all the prisoners.
Q14. Why is Independence Day celebrated in France on 14th July?
i) Because on this day the last king of France, Louis XVI, was executed.
ii) The constitution of France was formed on this day.
iii) Bastille Fort was destroyed by the mob.
iv) On this day the king resigned from his post and democracy was established in France.
Q15. Where was Antisemitism promoted after the First World War?
i) Italy
ii) Germany
iii) France
iv) Austria
Q16. Which type of right was repeatedly reiterated in the declaration of the Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution and it was ensured that no one can be deprived of this right?
i) Right to Equality
ii) Right to Freedom
iii) Right to protest against tyranny
iv) Right to property
Q17. Why did the some priests of France start preaching against the French Revolution?
i) Because this revolution was against the church system.
ii) Because the Constituent Assembly made elections mandatory for the appointment of clergy.
iii) The clergy had to take an oath of allegiance to the state.
iv) Both ii and iii
Q18. Louis XVI approved the written constitution in 1791 according to which….?
i) The king could amend the constitution at any time.
ii) The king had the right to declare war against any country.
iii) The members of the legislature were to be appointed by the king.
iv) The king was no longer the law maker.
Q19. After the approval of the written constitution by the king, the National Assembly was dissolved and the Legislative Assembly with 745 members came into existence in France. What were the people who sit on the right side of the chairman of the assembly called?
i) right wing
ii) Left wing
iii) Jacobians
iv) Girondist
Q20. Who were called right wing in France?
i) Those who were supporters of monarchy.
ii) Those who were supporters of democracy.
iii) Jacobians
iv) the Girondists